2013温州大学考研英语语言学业务课考试大纲
研究生招生考试业务课考试大纲
考试科目： 英语语言学 科目代码： 820
一、考试大纲的性质和目的：
《英语语言学》课程是报考我校“英语语言文学”专业硕士学位研究生英语语言学方向的一门业务考试科目，属于知识性考试，旨在考查考生的专业基础知识。
二、考试要求：
要求考生熟悉语言和语言学的本质，以及英语语言学发展的历史；掌握英语语言学中的基本概念、基础理论、不同流派的观点，能准确和流畅地用英语诠释现实生活中的语言文化问题。
三、考试范围
本考试内容涉及语言学核心分支和某些跨学科的基本理论知识和理论框架。考试范围包括：（1）语言和语言学；（2）语音学和音位学；（3）形态学与词汇学；（4）句法学；（5）语义学；（6）语用学；（7）社会语言学；（8）神经语言学与心理语言学；（9）语篇分析；（10）语言与文学；（11）历史语言学；(12) 语言习得与语言教学；（13）语言学基本流派。
四、主要内容（供参考）
1. What Is Language?
重点：origins of language; properties and design features of language; development of written language.
2. What Is Linguistics?
重点：definition of linguistics; scope of linguistics; some important distinctions in linguistics; traditional vs modern linguistics; descriptive vs prescriptive grammar; langue vs parole; competence vs performance; synchronic vs diachronic linguistics; functionalism vs formalism.
3. Phonetics and Phonology
重点：definition of phonetics; organs of speech; place and manners of articulation; broad and narrow transcriptions; classification of English vowels and consonants; liaison; definition of phonology; phone, phoneme, and allophone; phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, distinctive features; and minimal pair and sets; some rules in phonology like sequential rules, assimilation rules, and deletion rules; suprasegmental features like stress, tone and intonation, and their functions in communication
4. Morphology
重点：definition of morphology; free and bound morphemes; derivational vs and inflectional; morphological rules; morphs and allomorphs; word-formation processes like coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefixes, suffixes, and infixes.
5. Grammar / Syntax
重点：types of grammar / syntax; definition of grammar / syntax; parts of speech / word classes; traditional grammar, grammatical categories, and grammatical analysis; the prescriptive and descriptive approaches; structural and immediate constituent analysis; transformational generative grammar; systemic functional grammar; labeled and bracketed sentences; basic components of a sentence; types of sentences; linear and hierarchical structures of sentences; lexical and phrasal categories; grammatical relations; combinational rules; syntactic movement and movement rules; general principles and parameters of Universal Grammar; deep and surface structure; structural ambiguity; labeled tree diagrams.
6. Semantics
重点：definition of semantics; some views concerning the study of meaning; word meaning; semantic triangle; sense and reference; seven types of meaning; semantic field; major sense relations like synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy; componential analysis; sense relations between sentences; sentence meaning; sentence meaning and proposition; semantic roles; meaning and logic: entailment, presupposition, implicature; metaphor; metonymy; collocation; prototypes; componential and predication analysis.
7. Pragmatics
重点：definition of pragmatics; context; sentence meaning versus utterance meaning; speech act theory; principles of conversation; cooperative principle and its maxims; conversational implicatures; politeness principle; deixis; reference; anaphora; presupposition.
8. Socio-linguistics / Language and Society
重点：speech community and speech variety; personal, regional and social dialects, stylistics, and idiolectal variation; standard and non-standard language; lingua franca, pidgins, and creoles; diglossia and bilingualism; Black English; educational, age, gender and register varieties; slang, linguistic taboo, and euphemism; code switching.
9. Psycholinguistics
重点：biological foundations of language; linguistic lateralization; the language centers; the critical period for language acquisition; early views on language and thought; arguments for and against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; understanding the relationship between language and thought.
10. Discourse Analysis
重点：Interpreting discourse; cohesion and coherence; conjunctions; discourse markers; conversational discourse analysis; adjacency pairs; preference structure; presequences; information structure; given & new information; topic & comment; contrast; how to do discourse analysis
11. Historical Linguistics
重点：The purpose and significance of historical linguistics; the nature and causes of language change; major periods in the history of English; linguistic change of English; language family
12. First and Second Language Acquisition
重点：biological basis of language acquisition; roles of input and interaction, instruction, correction and reinforcement, and imitation; the four stages of first language acquisition; the development of the grammatical system (e.g. phonology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and morphology); acquisition versus learning; transfer and interference; the natural route of SLA development; contrastive analysis, error analysis; interlanguage and fossilization; the role of input and formal instruction; individual learner factors like age, motivation, acculturation, and personality; learning strategy; lerner autonomy.
13. Language and Literature
重点：general features of literary language; analysis of poetry; rhyme; styles of fiction; register
五、考试题型（3小时，共150分）
1、名词辨析题（包括名词解释和比对）25%；
2、判断题（话题性陈述的真假） 20%；
3、简答题（基本理论和内涵）30%；
4、语料分析题（例如IC Analysis; sound description/pattern; componential analysis等实例分析）25%；
5、阅读阐述题（语言学经典或材料分析回答）50%
六、参考书目
1、胡壮麟等著. 2005. 语言学教程，北京大学出版社.
2、George Yule. 2004. The Study of Language，外语教学与研究出版社/剑桥大学出版社.
3、刘润清、文旭编著. 2006. 新编语言学教程，外语教学与研究出版社.
4、戴炜栋，何兆熊主编. 2002. 新编简明英语语言学教程，上海外语教育出版社.
